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Doctors' plot
The Doctors' plot (Russian: дело врачей (vrachey'', "doctors' case" ), врачи-вредители ("doctors-saboteurs" ), or врачи-убийцы ("doctors-killers" )) is considered to be the most dramatic episode of antisemitism in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin's regime. In 1952–53, a group of prominent Moscow doctors (predominantly Jews) was accused of conspiring to assassinate Soviet leaders.〔http://www.geschichteinchronologie.ch/SU/EncJudaica_doktorverschwoerung-1953-ENGL.html〕 This was later accompanied by publications of anti-Semitic character in the media, which talked about the threats of Zionism and condemned people with Jewish names. Many doctors, officials and others, both Jews and non-Jews, were promptly dismissed from their jobs and arrested. A few weeks after the death of Stalin, the new Soviet leadership stated a lack of evidence and the case was dropped. Soon after, the case was declared to have been fabricated.
==Beginnings==
There are a number of theories about the origins of the Doctors' plot case. Historians typically relate it to the earlier case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee and the campaign against the so-called rootless cosmopolitans in the second half of the 1940s, as well as to the power struggle within the Soviet leadership during that time.〔Brent & Naumov 2003, p. 4〕〔Medvedev 2003, p. 148〕
In 1951, Ministry for State Security (MGB) investigator Mikhail Ryumin reported to his superior, Viktor Abakumov, minister of the MGB, that Professor Yakov Etinger, who was arrested as a "bourgeois nationalist" with connections to the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, had committed malpractice in treating Zhdanov and Shcherbakov, allegedly with the intention of killing them. However, Abakumov refused to believe the story. Etinger died in prison due to interrogations and harsh conditions. Ryumin was then dismissed from his position in the MGB for misappropriating money and was held responsible for the death of Etinger. With the assistance of Malenkov, Ryumin wrote a letter to Stalin, accusing Abakumov of killing Etinger in order to hide a conspiracy to kill off the Soviet leadership. On 4 July 1951 the Politburo set up a commission, which was headed by Malenkov and included Beria, to investigate the issue. Based on the commission's report, the Politburo soon passed a resolution on the "bad situation in the MGB" and Abakumov was fired.〔Sebag-Montefiore 2005, pp. 611-613〕〔Medvedev 2003, pp. 150-156〕
Both Beria and Malenkov tried to use the situation to expand their power, by gaining control of the MGB.〔〔Zhukov 2005, p. 562〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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